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PubblicazioneNon-verbal strategies, adequate settings and empathy as the real promoters of Spoken Easy Language in asymmetric communication( 2023)The project SELSI (Spoken Easy Language for Social Inclusion), launched in 2022, focuses on simplifying language in oral contexts. Its objective is to develop adaptable recommendations for professionals to produce comprehensible content for co-participants requiring linguistic support. This paper presents findings from a SELSI survey assessing the needs and preferences of speakers across proficiency levels in oral contexts. The results highlight the necessity of non-linguistic elements in effective oral communication, including factors like a quiet setting, empathetic environments, a close rapport between interlocutors, and the strategic use of repetition to elicit of accurate comprehension judgements.
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PubblicazioneTranslating Standard Language Into Easier Varieties in Italy: Mapping Needs and Strategies for Spoken Easy Language( 2023)This paper discusses results from an Erasmus+ project called SELSI aimed to identify needs and strategies for linguistic support in Spoken Easy Language. It focuses on data collected in Italy among professionals who work with individuals needing linguistic simplification and on users who need simplified language themselves. More specifically, this study addresses both linguistic and non-linguistic aspects that are crucial for supporting the development of communication through Easy Language, e.g. textual and conversation-enhancing strategies, linguistic strategies, listener-engaging strategies and the use of multimodal materials. The strategies discussed include the use of signpost language as a means to scaffold different textual parts and clarify the logical and semantic relations, the potential of metaphors for simplifying more abstract and potentially challenging concepts, the potential of interpersonal linguistic options and the use of multimodal resources for the creation of multisensory environments that support literacy development. Overall, it will be argued, the data collected from professionals and from users exhibit a strong alignment: with very few exceptions, the strategies frequently employed by professionals coincide with the ones users find highly beneficial or helpful. These findings suggest that professionals employing Easy Language are presently headed in a positive direction, although they do highlight areas for potential future enhancements.
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Pubblicazione"To use or not to use MT?": Some Insights on Trust and Reliance from the LeMaTTT Project( 2023)This paper explores translation trainees’ attitudes toward MT in terms of trust and reliance. The data were collected within the LeMaTTT project, an empirical investigation of the potential impact of neural machine translation (NMT) on the development of info-mining and thematic competences in legal translator trainees. The sample consisted of MA-level trainees with different educational backgrounds. Besides completing either a post-editing or a from-scratch translation task, they replied to a pre- and a post-task questionnaire investigating whether and how they use MT for specialised translation tasks and their trust in and perception of its output. The analysis considers within- and cross-group tendencies and takes account of the differences in (a) the types of tasks and (b) the participants’ experience and training in specialised translation and post-editing. The trends concerning the use and perception of MT are also correlated with perceived task difficulty and self-assessment, as reported in the questionnaires. Results suggest that MT is perceived as a reliable tool which speeds up the translation process and provides candidate terminological equivalents, though revision is required. It appears to generally reduce the perceived difficulty of the ST while increasing the perceived quality of the TT in less experienced and competent trainees.
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PubblicazioneL'Edificio Centrale dell'Università di Trieste. Storia e architettura 1938-1950( 2023)Il progetto per la nuova sede dell’Università di Trieste del 1938 segna il compimento di un sogno che la città aveva lungamente inseguito fin dai tempi del governo asburgico e che dopo l’annessione al Regno d’Italia aveva cominciato a prendere forma. L’istituzione della regia Università degli studi economici e commerciali con il Regio Decreto datato 8 agosto 1924 è il primo passo ufficiale, seguito dall’ampliamento delle facoltà e la conseguente necessità di realizzare un complesso edilizio universitario, che coincide con l’elevazione al rango di Studium generale nel 1938. Le complesse vicende costruttive dell’edificio principale dell’università di Trieste che si svolgono tra il 1938 e il 1950 sono contrassegnate da cambiamenti radicali connessi alla specificità della storia della città che dopo l’8 settembre 1943 entrò a far parte del Terzo Reich, subì il trauma dell’occupazione da parte delle truppe jugoslave che si concluse con la creazione del Territorio Libero di Trieste amministrato dal Governo militare alleato, prima del definitivo passaggio all’Italia nel 1954. Gli architetti, Raffaello Fagnoni e Umberto Nordio, e l’ingegnere Enrico Bianchini dovettero affrontare e risolvere questioni architettoniche complesse, legate agli aspetti costruttivi, strutturali, decorativi; aspetti che risentirono dello scenario profondamente mutato nel quale gli stessi progettisti avevano ideato l’edificio ‘monumentale’, il quale dovette essere adattato a cambiamenti legati a nuove esigenze di uso e figurative. Il volume nasce dalle ricerche svolte per la tesi di laurea dell’ingegner Valentina Fernetti e successivamente arricchite da documentazione d’archivio, in particolare i fondi di Raffaello Fagnoni e Enrico Bianchini conservati presso l’Archivio di stato di Firenze. Altrettanto preziosi si sono rivelati l’Archivio storico dell’Università di Trieste, l’Archivio di stato di Trieste, l’Archivio progetti dello IUAV, oltre a numerosi fondi privati. Si sono potute così ricostruire le vicende di cantiere caratterizzate dall’adozione di soluzioni strutturali coerenti con le limitazioni imposte dalle sanzioni, l’impiego di pregevoli finiture per i materiali di rivestimento sia esterni che interni, l’apparato decorativo – bassorilievi, sculture, mosaici, arazzi – e gli arredi – per l’Aula magna, l’aula per il Senato accademico, aule di lezioni, esami e lauree – con tavoli, sedie, poltrone, lampade. Tra gli artisti che collaborano al completamento dell’edificio ci sono Marcello Mascherini, Ugo Carà, Anita Pittoni, Mario Moschi, Tranquillo Marangoni, Giò Ponti. La storia dell’edificio si è arricchita grazie a documenti che ne hanno rivelato l’elaborata stratificazione, svelando connessioni a fattori storici, sociali e politici che restituiscono un periodo complesso per la città, nel quale si riflettono echi lontani e vicini di uno scenario internazionale, caratterizzato da conflitti e utopie. L’incremento della bibliografia emerso tra la prima edizione e la riedizione è segno di un crescente interesse sia a livello nazionale che internazionale. The project for the new headquarters of the University of Trieste in 1938 marked the fulfillment of a dream that the city had long pursued since the days of Habsburg rule and that had begun to take shape after its annexation to the Kingdom of Italy. The establishment of the Royal University of Economic and Commercial Studies by Royal Decree dated August 8, 1924, was the first official step, followed by the expansion of the faculties and the consequent need to build a university building complex, which coincided with the elevation to the rank of Studium generale in 1938. The complex construction events of the main building of the University of Trieste that took place between 1938 and 1950 are marked by radical changes related to the specificity of the city’s history, which after September 8, 1943, became part of the Third Reich, suffered the trauma of occupation by Yugoslav troops that ended with the creation of the Free Territory of Trieste administered by the Allied Military Government, before the final handover to Italy in 1954. The architects, Raffaello Fagnoni and Umberto Nordio, and engineer Enrico Bianchini had to face and solve complex architectural issues, related to constructional, structural, and decorative aspects; aspects that were affected by the profoundly changed scenario in which the designers themselves had conceived the ‘monumental’ building, which had to be adapted to changes related to new usage and figurative requirements. The volume stems from the research carried out for engineer Valentina Fernetti’s degree thesis and subsequently enriched by archival documentation, particularly the funds of Raffaello Fagnoni and Enrico Bianchini kept at the Florence State Archives. Equally valuable are the Historical Archives of the University of Trieste, the State Archives of Trieste, the IUAV Project Archive, as well as numerous private funds. Thus, it was possible to reconstruct the events of the construction site characterized by the adoption of structural solutions consistent with the limitations imposed by the sanctions, the use of valuable finishes for both exterior and interior cladding materials, the decorative apparatus - bas-reliefs, sculptures, mosaics, tapestries - and the furnishings - for the Aula magna, the hall for the Academic Senate, lecture, examination and graduation rooms - with tables, chairs, armchairs, lamps. Among the artists who collaborated in completing the building were Marcello Mascherini, Ugo Carà, Anita Pittoni, Mario Moschi, Tranquillo Marangoni, and Giò Ponti. The building’s history has been enriched thanks to documents that have revealed its elaborate layering, revealing connections to historical, social, and political factors that restore a complex period for the city, in which distant and close echoes of an international scenario, characterized by conflicts and utopias, are reflected. The increase in the bibliography that emerged between the first edition and the reissue is a sign of growing interest both nationally and internationally.
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PubblicazioneThe expression of instrumentality in Dutch and Italian cut and break sequences: a cross-linguistic analysis( 2023)Instrumentality, a topic often mentioned in one and the same breath as agents and patients in thematic analyses, is rarely considered a linguistic element in its own right. In the context of everyday language use, instrumentality is a very broad concept and is illustrated frequently, be it overt or not. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the different linguistic typologies and patterns that underlie the expression of different instrumental roles in Dutch and Italian and the function of gestures in instrumentality. Paradigms originating from cognitive and construction grammar are used to shed light on the processes that impact the expression and various typologies of instrumentality. This paper targets cut and break (C&B) verbs since they show particularly interesting characteristics. The analysis of a usage-based corpus, that consists of the free description of stimuli representing C&B events by native speakers, shows that instrumentality can assume almost all grammatical functions and is shown to be the result of joint meaning-construction between two participants in search of shared assumptions.