Dental phenotype in a patient with hypoidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and severe immunodeficiency

Ectodermal dysplasia is a rare disease which affects at least two ectoderm-derived structures such as hair, nails, skin, sweat glands and teeth. The dentition is altered in number and shape. A 14-year-old male patient with hypodontia, micrognathia, ankylosed teeth and conical shaped teeth was referred for examination, evaluation and treatment. The child exhibited the classic dental phenotype of Ectodermal Dysplasia plus a severe immunodeficiency. Radiographic examination revealed ankylosed primary molars. Ocular findings are reported. Conservative dentistry to reduce the abnormal shape was carried out, and an ultrasound scaling every 4 months, with a strong follow up established. The child fulfilled a good occlusion. Every 3 months the patient has been seen in our department for control of hard and soft tissue in the mouth and after 36 months the dental situation is very well accomplished by patient, family and dental staff. Oral rehabilitation must be carried out at the earliest age possible in order to maintain and correct the oral functions, alignment, good occlusion and a good compliance in smiling and feeding.