A gradual loss of muscle mass and strength increases the risk of falls, frailty and mortality. It is the result of a combination of
intrinsic factors such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and extrinsic factors such as poor nutrition and inactivity.
Oleuropein aglycone (OLE), a compound extracted from olive leaves, combats oxidative damage through its antioxidant and
autophagy-inducing
properties. It activates AMPK and FOXO3a signaling pathways, autophagy, mitochondrial function and
muscle health. OLE is investigated in the human immortalized myoblast cell line AB1079 for its protective effect against muscle
oxidative stress. Oxidative stress was induced in the AB1079 cell line after 7 days of differentiation by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2),
leading to a significant increase in reactive oxygen species formation, which was reduced by approximately 43% by pretreatment
with OLE. Cells treated with H2O2 showed a 33% increase in stress-induced
senescent cells, while pretreatment with OLE
significantly reduced the stained area of the X-gal
reaction by 12% compared to H2O2. OLE increased the expression of genes
involved in antioxidant defense and influencing the autophagic process by inducing an oscillator AMPK phosphorylation, as well
as the expression of the stress-induced
metabolic regulators SESN2 and SESN3. OLE has been shown to counteract the oxidative
environment and promote autophagy-related
signaling in vitro, suggesting a potential role in preventing cellular mechanisms
associated with muscle aging. Further in vivo studies are required to confirm functional anti-aging
effects.
