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PubblicazioneThe SAFE Labs Handbook as a tool for improving lab culture( 2025)Creating positive and equitable lab environments has become a growing priority for the scientific community and funders of scientific research. Research institutions typically respond to this need by providing mandatory or optional training opportunities for their staff. However, there are limited resources for group leaders to improve the culture in their labs. Here, we introduce the SAFE Labs Handbook: a collection of 30 "commitments" that can be implemented by individual group leaders to improve research culture in the life sciences. The commitments were collaboratively developed by 13 group leaders working in eight different European countries. We also report the results of a survey in which we asked more than 200 researchers, at various career stages, about the commitments. Even though all 30 commitments were rated as significantly important by respondents, implementation rates were notably low (<25%). However, more than 95% of group leaders said they would consider implementing them. The SAFE Labs Handbook therefore represents a unique, community-driven tool with the potential to improve lab culture on a global scale.
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PubblicazioneQuantum black holes: from regularization to information paradoxes(Springer, 2025)Quantum black holes, a broad class of objects that refine the solutions of general relativity by incorporating semiclassical and/or quantum gravitational effects, have recently attracted renewed attention within the scientific community. This resurgence of interest is largely driven by advances in gravitational wave astronomy, which have opened the possibility of testing some of these models in the near future. In this essay, we provide a concise overview of the key discussions that emerged during the “Black Hole Inside/Out" meeting, held in August 2024 in Copenhagen. We report these ideas, their connections to the information paradox, and the potential use of analogue gravity as a test bed for these concepts.
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PubblicazioneEntanglement and Asymmetry in Quantum Field Theory(SISSA, 2025-12-18)This thesis investigates the use of concepts from quantum information theory to analyze and quantify symmetry breaking in extended quantum systems, particularly focusing on the key measure known as Entanglement Asymmetry. The core of the work introduces and applies Entanglement Asymmetry. This quantity is defined based on the difference in information content between a quantum state and a version of that state where the symmetry has been enforced (or "symmetrized"). It represents an alternative approach to traditional, often problematic, local order parameters for measuring symmetry breaking: asymmetry is zero only if the state perfectly preserves the symmetry. The major contributions of the thesis are structured as follows: Symmetry Breaking in Bulk Critical Systems: The research analyzes Entanglement Asymmetry in two-dimensional Conformal Field Theories (CFTs) where the symmetry is explicitly broken. This work derives the asymptotic behavior of the asymmetry as a function of the subsystem size, extending earlier finite-size results to the critical continuum limit. Boundary Effects and Quenches: The analysis is extended to cases where the symmetry holds in the bulk of a CFT but is broken at the edge by a boundary condition. The thesis provides formulas describing this boundary-induced asymmetry, including power-law corrections whose exponents are linked to the properties of boundary-changing operators. It also explores the time evolution of asymmetry in quantum quench protocols. Generalization of Asymmetry to Modern Symmetries: The concept of Entanglement Asymmetry is generalized to include finite generalized symmetries, such as higher-form and non-invertible symmetries, which are a major topic in modern QFT. This involves establishing a generalized procedure for "symmetrizing" a state without relying on traditional group mathematics. Entanglement in Non-Hermitian Systems: The final chapter shifts focus to explore other entanglement properties, specifically symmetry-resolved entanglement and the entanglement Hamiltonian, within non-Hermitian models and their corresponding non-unitary CFTs.
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PubblicazioneTunneling method for Hawking quanta in analogue gravity( 2024)Analogue Hawking radiation from acoustic horizons is now a well-established phenomenon, both theoretically and experimentally. Its persistence, despite the modified dispersion relations characterising analogue models, has been crucial in advancing our understanding of the robustness of this phenomenon against ultraviolet modifications of our spacetime description. However, previous theoretical approaches, such as the Bogoliubov transformation relating asymptotic states, have somewhat lacked a straightforward physical intuition regarding the origin of this robustness and its limits of applicability. To address this, we revisit analogue Hawking radiation using the tunneling method. We present a unified treatment that allows us to consider flows with and without acoustic horizons and with superluminal or subluminal dispersion relations. This approach clarifies the fundamental mechanism behind the resilience of Hawking radiation in these settings and explains the puzzling occurrence of excitations even in subcritical (supercritical) flows with subluminal (superluminal) dispersion relations.
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PubblicazioneEntanglement asymmetry in CFT with boundary symmetry breaking( 2025)We examine the behavior of the entanglement asymmetry in the ground state of a (1+1)-dimensional conformal field theory with a boundary condition that explicitly breaks a bulk symmetry. Our focus is on the asymmetry of a subsystem A originating from the symmetry-breaking boundary and extending into a semi-infinite bulk. By employing the twist field formalism, we derive a universal expression for the asymmetry, showing that the asymptotic behavior for large subsystems is approached algebraically, with an exponent which is twice the conformal dimension of a boundary condition-changing operator. As a secondary result, we also establish a similar asymptotic behavior for the string order parameter. Our exact analytical findings are validated through numerical simulations in the critical Ising and 3-state Potts models.