Thomas Aquinas, a thirteenth-century theologian and philosopher, significantly impacted Western thought by synthesising Aristotelian philosophy with Christian theology. His reputation as a profound commentator on Aristotle's works led to a lasting influence, shaping both philosophical and theological discourses. Aquinas's political anthropology is often misunderstood as a mere reiteration of Aristotle, though it integrates medieval Platonism and his metaphysical innovations. His theory of natural law bridges philosophy and theology, emphasising the role of virtue and freedom. Aquinas's metaphysical synthesis deeply impacts his political anthropology. His integration of practical and theoretical knowledge surpasses Aristotle, merging Aristotelian virtue ethics with Cicero's Stoic natural law. The more virtuous a person, the better they understand reality, and vice versa. Freedom, for Aquinas, isn’t a distinct faculty but a property of intellect and will, where acting freely means acting according to one's nature. This makes humans responsible for their choices. Contemporary interest in Aquinas, especially within analytical Thomism, centres on his natural law theory, sparking debates on whether metaphysical knowledge can justify law, highlighting his relevance in modern legal philosophy.
