The fall of the Berlin Wall, the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the fragmentation of Yugoslavia, the enlargement of the European Union, the globalisation of markets, the announcement of social and cultural globalisation seemed to lead to a period of free movement. This was only partly. The financial crises of the 2000s, the migratory and geo-political crises of recent years (Arab Spring, Syria, Ukraine, etc.) and the identity crises (Catalonia, Brexit, etc.) have held back this process and underlined the persistence of divisions within today's societies.
