Practising Open Innovation: A framework of reference

Purpose This work provides new insights into possible managerial choices and development directions for practising Open Innovation in companies. It aims to explore the different practices, actors and tools adopted for opening up the innovation process, in particular by SMEs that are still facing difficulties in its implementation. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a literature review and an exploratory survey of a sample of 85 European SMEs. Findings The study identifies a total of 23 practices, 20 actors and 11 tools involved in the Open Innovation processes of companies. It highlights, through literature and empirical evidence, how different combinations of practices, actors and tools are put into practice. Research limitations/implications The developed framework offers new insights both from Open Innovation literature and from practitioners’ point of view into the supporting decision-making processes regarding which practices to implement, tools to adopt and actors to collaborate with. A wider investigation is recommended to include more variables to define the differences among the combinations of practices, actors and tools in terms of innovation (e.g. product, process, etc.), the openness degree and other contextual factors. Originality/value The originality of this paper is based on the fact that it focuses on a practical perspective of Open Innovation implementation, building a framework of reference from previous literature and empirical investigation.