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Witness and Lawyer in the Roman courts. Linguistic strategies of evasiveness and intimidation in Roman trial debates

Ferri, Rolando
2014
  • Controlled Vocabulary...

Abstract
The Roman lawsuits were characterized by the simultaneous presence of a great variety of linguistic registers and forms of interaction, not only the so-called orationes perpetuae pronounced by defence and prosecution counsel, which we know from the edited versions of Cicero’s speeches. Lawyers, judges, plaintiffs, witnesses interacted with one another in different occasions during the trial: from the formulae pronounced during the phase in iure, when the charges were laid to the praetor, to the confrontations during the trial debate. The article is devoted to the analysis of evidence describing such extemporaneous confrontation as has come down to us, between judges and lawyers and between witnesses and lawyers. The evidence we can draw on is in the form of anecdotes and digressional materials transmitted in rhetorical writings and Cicero, but there is important evidence also in surviving records from proceedings in Greek and Latin from Late antiquity, most importantly a series of trial records preserved by the anti-Donatist literature between fourth and fifth century. I processi romani erano caratterizzati dalla compresenza di una grande varietà di registri linguistici, non soltanto le cosiddette orationes perpetuae dell’accusa e della difesa, a noi note nelle versioni, spesso ritoccate, delle orazioni ciceroniane conservate. Avvocati, giudici, imputati, testimoni interagivano in situazioni e fasi comunicative diverse, che andavano dalla formularità delle procedure istruttorie, in iure, alla maggiore spontaneità delle discussioni e dei contraddittori in larga parte estemporanei della fase giudiziale. L’articolo si dedica alla ricostruzione di alcune testimonianze relative allo scambio estemporaneo tra giudici e avvocati e all’analisi di quanto è noto sull’interrogatorio dei testimoni, utilizzando sia la documentazione aneddotica tramandata dalla trattatistica retorica e da Cicerone sia alcuni superstiti verbali giudiziari tardo antichi in greco e latino, in particolare quelli, poco noti al di fuori degli studi storici specifici, relativi ad alcuni processi a margine della lotta tra cattolici e donatisti tra IV e V secolo.
Archivio
http://hdl.handle.net/10077/10100
Diritti
open access
Soggetti
  • Processo romano

  • strategie linguistich...

  • avvocato

  • testimone

  • Cicerone

  • letteratura antidonat...

  • Roman trial debate

  • linguistic strategy

  • lawyeer

  • witness

  • Cicero

  • anti-Donatist literat...

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