Bacterial infection is a very common complication in hematological neutropenic patients whose treatment is extremely challenging for several reasons. First, they are frequently caused by resistant pathogens (multidrug resistant (MDR)), and this may limit the availability of effective therapeutic weapons. Second, these patients often present peculiar pathophysiological conditions that may alter the pharmacokinetic behavior of antimicrobials, and this may explain the need for a new administration schedule and new dosing regimens of antibiotics in this setting. In an era in which there are only few new therapeutic weapons for the treatment of MDR bacterial infections, while advocating for new drugs, what could be effectively done nowadays is to increase the knowledge on appropriateness of the use of currently available drugs to improve clinical outcome and to preserve their activity.
