Chitosan-coated alginate micro-particles delivery of active principles through conventional pelleted food - A study in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

The search for alternatives to antibiotics in aquaculture has focused on the use of vaccines for immune-prophylaxis. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and characteristics of chitosan-alginate microparticles for the oral delivery of immune-prophylactics to finfish. The microparticles, which incorporate fluorescent-labelled lysozyme, were produced by spray-drying method; their structural properties and uptake from the gastrointestinal tract of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were assessed by microscopy. The main findings show that the microparticles are able to retain their content in an acidic environment and to release it later in slightly alkaline conditions such as those found in the intestines. Moreover, both the microencapsulation procedure and the biopolymers used have no deleterious impact on the lysozyme lytic activity, which is maintained after the protein has been released from the microparticles. Administered in vivo in Tilapia by medicated food, the microparticles transit unaffected through the stomach, and reach the anterior intestines, in particular the villum sectum and the basal lamina of epithelial cells, 2 and 4 h after feeding. Overall, the evidence obtained here supports the potential of these chitosan-alginate microparticles as agents for oral immune-prophylaxis in the management of fish diseases.