The aim of the experiment was to study the effects of flaxseed inclusion on milk yield (MY), milk fat and protein contents and milk fatty acids (FA) composition in dairy cows diets. Eight Italian Friesian primiparous cows were divided into two homogeneous groups and fed a control diet (based on corn silage, fescue hay and a concentrate) or the same diet having 0.9 Kg DM concentrate replaced by coarsely grounded flaxseed for a 21 d experimental period. The groups were inverted in respect to the dietary treatments in a subsequent experimental period according to a change-over design. The flaxseed inclusion (4-5% DM) had a positive effect on dry matter intake (DMI, 22.2 vs. 21.3Kg/d) and significantly (P<0.01) increased the MY (26.9 vs. 26.1Kg/d) and milk fat corrected yield (FCM, 27.7 vs. 26.7Kg/d). Milk fat and protein percentages (4.18 and 3.46%, respectively on average) were not affected by flaxseed treatment. Results also indicated a significant (P<0.01) reduction of saturated fatty acid/unsaturated fatty acid ratio (SFA/UFA) and an increase of n-3/n-6FA, monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Moreover a higher proportion of total C18:1 and conjugated linoleic acid isomers (CLA) was also observed for treated group.
