A freight terminal is a key node in a transportation network and the transit time of containers through
this terminal represents one of the most relevant bottleneck in logistic chains.
The system performance reduction and the corresponding increase of transit time is often due to the
increase of the freight flow without a corresponding increase of stacking and handling capacity.
For this purpose it was decided to approach the problem by a discrete event simulation model, in order
to reproduce the activities carried out inside an intermodal terminal, to calculate the total transit time and
to identify the bottlenecks.
The transit time of a cargo unit in a terminal is the summation of times required for the development of
each phase of the process (waiting time + operational time).
Therefore, the first step was the identification of the main activities and the analysis of waiting and
operational phases, in order to quantify the times of each phase.
For modelling the software Planimate® was used. Planimate® allows the simulation of a process as a
set of discrete events, in series or in parallel, through the use of hierarchical networks.
In order to optimise handling operations on containers, different scenarios were simulated with various
fleets of trailers and front cranes to investigate the corresponding variations of performance indicators.
For the application of the model an Italian case study was chosen: the container terminal inside the
harbour of Livorno (Darsena Toscana Terminal).
