This review provides an overview of the research about the consequences of homophobic language on homosexuals and heterosexuals, showing how it is not only a symptom of homophobia but it also contributes to its persistence. We first describe the types of homophobic language that have been addressed in literature. Then, we analyze the impact of this language on homosexuals in terms of emotional distress, internalized homophobia and coming out. Afterward, we examine the effects on heterosexuals' well-being, attitudes and behaviors toward gay men. Finally, we emphasize similarities and differences among the consequences of such language on homosexuals and heterosexuals.
