In an important text published in 1971 in a Belgian journal and never republished since, but now translated into Italian by Mattia Di Pierro, Claude Lefort and Maurice Gauchet invite us to rethink the ontology and ethics of modern democracy starting from a broad ly phenomenological view of the “social” as origin of itself. In this way, the theory of the “social” as an institution culminates in a vision of modern democracy as the realization of a radical project of emancipation.