In the European Union, the infrastructure charging regimes that can be observed are often far from
internalising external costs and are rarely based on efficiency principles. In this situation differentiation of
existing charges appears to be a sensible intermediate step.
In this paper we study the empirical evidence of the different aspects that affect infrastructure pricing
as described by theory. In order to do so information was collected from a number of case studies, and a
set of indicators was defined, not only to allow for the analysis of price differentiation practise with
respect to the degree of differentiation, but also to account for the level of ambition of the price setting
actors.
The cross-case analysis was based on a number of hypotheses that were drawn from the theoretical
framework. Testing for the hypotheses using the case study information allowed us to establish an
overview of the current state of differentiated infrastructure charging.
