Photoemission spectroscopy study of the Ge(111) high temperature phase transition

The 3d core levels of Ge(111) surface have been measured by photoemission as a function of temperature upto 1200 K. Further evidence of the high temperature phase transition is found between 1020 K and 1085 K from core-level analysis, suggesting the possibility of a liquid-like metallic surface layer consistent with an incomplete melting picture.