This paper explores the process that dynamically links the why’s, how’s and what’s of supply network internationalisation. We propose
a conceptual framework that adapts and extends the Uppsala internationalisation model and apply it to analyse nine case studies of
Italian footwear and apparel companies involved in relocating some segments of their supply networks to Romania. Consistently with
behavioural theories, our findings confirm that internationalisation is an incremental process in which firms gradually increase their
international exposure and involvement. However, differently from the Uppsala establishment chain internationalisation model, our
cross-case analysis suggests a different typology of supply network internationalisation processes: (1) traditional subcontracting, (2) coordinated
subcontracting, and (3) supply system relocation. We discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of these findings and
suggest directions for further research.
