Recent pT-integrated cross-section measurements of the ground-state charm mesons and baryons, D0,
Dþ, Dþs , Λþc , and Ξ0c, are used to evaluate the charm fragmentation fractions and production cross section pffiffi
per unit of rapidity at midrapidity (jyj < 0.5), in pp collisions at s 1⁄4 5.02 TeV at the LHC. The latter is dσcc ̄=dyj 1⁄4 1165 44ðstatÞþ134ðsystÞ μb. These measurements were obtained for the first time in
jyj<0.5 −101
hadronic collisions at the LHC, including the charm baryon states, recently measured by ALICE at midrapidity. The charm fragmentation fractions differ significantly from the values measured in eþe− and ep collisions, providing evidence of the dependence of the parton-to-hadron fragmentation fractions on the collision system, indicating that the assumption of their universality is not supported by the measured cross sections. An increase of a factor of about 3.3 for the fragmentation fraction for the Λþc with a significance of 5σ between the values obtained in pp collisions and those obtained in eþe− (ep) collisions is reported. The fragmentation fraction for the Ξ0c was obtained for the first time in any collision system. The measured
fragmentation fractions were used to update the cc ̄ cross sections per unit of rapidity at jyj < 0.5 at pffiffi
s 1⁄4 2.76 and 7 TeV, which are about 40% higher than the previously published results. The data were compared with perturbative-QCD calculations and lie at the upper edge of the theoretical bands.
