This paper explores the emergence of cocaine addiction as a recognized social issue and its impact on Italian legislative developments between 1920 and 1923. By analyzing the parliamentary debate surrounding the issue, the study examines the social and medical framing of narcotic addiction as a public health concern. In particular, it considers the political discourse that led to the creation of Italy’s first narcotics law, highlighting the influence of social medicine and eugenics on the formulation of this legislation. Through this investigation, the paper seeks to understand the role of the state in regulating both the consumption and the personal liberties of citizens during this period.
