The present global energy system greatly depends on a situation of uncertainty almost exclusive use of fossil fuels, which quantitative availability represents the main subject in the international debate on energy needs and supply. It is necessary to find alternative energy sources, safe, stable, technologically advanced and cost efficient. Among these, the biomass is presented as an alternative to widespread, easy to use and relative low cost. In this sense, the paper considers the role, potential and limitations of biofuels and addresses an analysis of cost-effectiveness of investments in bio-energy with the presentation of some case studies.
