Understanding Server Authentication in WPA3 Enterprise

In December 2019, the Wi-Fi Alliance published version 2 of WPA3, the new certification program for Wi-Fi devices that updates WPA2. This new version of WPA3 addresses, amongst other things, one of the crucial weaknesses of WPA2: in many practical deployments of enterprise Wi-Fi networks—i.e., networks in which users have personalized credentials—a device may easily be attacked by fraudulent access points claiming to have the name of the targeted network (evil twins). In this work, we present the mechanisms that WPA3 version 2 has introduced for mitigating these risks, which have become more and more relevant in recent years. We discuss the defensive power and potential impact of the various options available. Understanding the resulting scenario is important because WPA3 will determine the behavior of such a fundamental and widespread technology as enterprise Wi-Fi for many years, yet WPA3 enterprise networks may still be configured in a way that could not provide much better defensive power than WPA2.