Civil Service: Ambitious Targets, Obsolete Organisation Cusina L., Di Biase R., Paolino L., Zicari S. University of Trieste (Italy) Abstract The Italian Civil Service is undergoing a fast-paced process of innovation. The aim is to meet the needs of users and improve the working environment. To achieve these goals the Civil Service is asked to implement entrepreneurial procedures, either in accounting or in the organisation framework. But restrictions in public spending make this process more difficult, obliging public management to face low cost innovation and organisation change. A quite obsolete conception of the public labour market provides further difficulties and produces some economic paradoxes. The present situation is marking a turning point that represents either a challenge to take up or a risk to keep under control.