It is shown that the self-assembly of a surface-confined metal–organic network such as cobalt porphyrins on graphene is accompanied by the
evolution of coordination-dependent observables in the electronic structure: variation of the layer’s valence states within almost 1 eV range and of the
metal atoms oxidation states. Coordination of cobalt porphyrins, driven by Coad-atoms, allows the synthesis of single metal atom centers with +3, +2, or +1 oxidation states. The electronic structure is determined by lateral interactions extending up to a few nanometers, beyond nearest-neighbor distances. The reactivity of the single Co sites, which is strongly dependent on the local electronic configuration and, thus, on the metal-specific oxidation state, is probed by carbon monoxide, which is found to ligate at pyridinic Co(I) at room temperature for background pressures above a fraction of a mbar.
