REVIEWING THE CAUSES THAT LED TO THE END OF NOMADIC CIVILISATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES ON THE MONGOLIAN CASE

The beginning of the end of nomadic civilisations can be dated from the first colonisations carried out by European countries and peoples from a sedentary background, mainly engaged in agriculture, but lacking in sufficient extensions of land to guarantee for their survival. The cause is to be sought in the mainly feudal structure of Europe in 1500, that concentrated vast territories in the hands of few noble big landowners. In addition to the above, one should take into consideration the poverty of huge masses of Europeans, who would urbanise in the towns that were becoming more and more populated with the consequent risk of riots, therefore endangering the constituted order. The lack of land extensions sufficient to survival of all was one of the reasons that drove European sovereigns to promoting exploring campaigns first, and violent conquests (subjugation) after, all to enable the transfer of landless Europeans in less inhabited territories and anyhow taken forcedly away from their legitimate owners.