Complex Dynamics in Pendulum-Type Equations with Variable Length

We prove the existence of complex dynamics for a generalized pendulum type equation with variable length. The solutions we find switch from an oscillatory behavior around the stable vertical position to a rotational type behavior crossing the unstable position with positive or negative velocity following any prescribed two-sided sequence of symbols. Moreover, to any periodic sequence of symbols corresponds a periodic solution of the equation. The proof is based on a topological approach and the results are robust with respect to small perturbations. In particular a small friction term can be added to the equation. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.