Città intelligenti e rifiuti zero. Sfide ambiziose del Giappone del XXI secolo

This city has shown itself to be a privileged point of interest in developing ecosustainable strategies. In the “intelligent city,” sustainability is first pursued through implementing more efficient processes thanks to responsive and proactive citizens participating in data generation and environmental monitoring. Citizens become active sensory hubs or, more simply put, “citizen sensors.” Discussing the eco-sustainable city of Fujisawa, which is 50 km from Tokyo, is a relevant example. This city deserves highlights regarding its aspects of the flow of energy and materials and its natural cycle of resources. The colossal giant Panasonic obtained authorization to proceed with the construction of an entire city based on the label of eco-sustainability and environmental protection. This major company has always been involved in upgrading projects for the country and joined another eleven company partners to clean up a vast area of 19 acres previously occupied by Panasonic factories. Eventually, they transformed it into the model of a smart city equipped with 1,000 zero-emission homes. In this context, my principal objective is to illustrate and analyze how Kamikatsu, a small village in the Southwest of Japan, is flourishing with the idea of “zero trash.” The village is located in green rice fields, and mountainous forests on the western island of Shikoku and has as few as 2,000 inhabitants. In 2003, it took on this rigorous program for carrying out a crackdown on trash and thereby sup porting eco-sustainability. At this location, we propose an analysis of eco-sustainability in two contexts: one at the urban level and the other at the rural level. 持続可能な戦略の取組みにおいては、都市がまずその対象となりま す。「スマートシティ」では、効率的プロセスの実施と、データ生 成や環境モニタリングに積極的に参加する住民によって持続可能性 が追求されます。住民が能動的センサーの役割を果たすのです。 持続可能都市について語る際、物質やエネルギーの流れ、資源循環 の側面が強調されます。東京から50kmの藤沢市のスマートシティは その顕著な例です。地域の再開発プロジェクトに常に関わってきた 巨大企業グループのパナソニックが、持続可能性と環境保護を旗印 にした町の建設認可を得て、パートナー企業11社と協力し、同社旧 工場跡地の19haの広大エリアを、ゼロエミッション住宅千戸を備え たスマートシティに再生したのです。一方で、四国の緑豊かな人口約2000人の小さな村、上勝町がどのよ うにして「ゼロ・ウェイスト」の理想に近づき、2003年にはすでに 廃棄物削減と持続可能性のための独自の厳格なプログラムを実施で きたのかを説明することで、都市部と農村部という2つの異なる環境 における持続可能性の分析を目的とします。