The paper describes the evolutionary development of different quantitative risk models pertaining to ship flooding, developed over the last quarter century through support by the European Commission, and presents and discusses new developments in the recently funded and on-going FLARE project. Firstly, the adequacy of high level risk models and safety metrics developed in project FLARE for large Cruise and RoPax ships using statistical datasets are discussed. This is followed by presenting a novel risk-based methodology, for direct assessment of flooding risk estimation using numerical tools with support from datasets. Early developments of the holistic risk model are presented, accounting for all flooding hazards (collision, grounding, bottom grounding), including estimation of the frequency of flooding events and damage breach generation, methodology for identifying critical flooding scenarios in the emergency response phase for consideration of potential loss of life as the risk metric for further consideration.
