This preface shows the possibility of analyzing responsibility in three different ways: as a concept (legal or moral), as a social fact, as a political stake and technology. It thus highlights the complexity behind the essays contained in this special issue, which aim to cast a historical and theoretical light on how we are redefining in keeping with the transformations in the legal, political and moral rationality of our societies our responsibility towards ourselves (responsibility for our acting and being) and others (someone or something), therefore our being subjects.