Alle radici del valore dei beni paesistico-ambientali, artistici, architettonici e culturali

To the Roots of Landscape, Environmental, Artistic, Architectonic and Cultural Goods Value. Since the very beginning 0/economics, the problem 0/value has been basic /or researchers. From the Physiocrats down to the Classics and to the Marginalists, the dilemma have always been the /ollowing: where does value come /rom and where is it going? According to the Classica l School (Smith, Ricardo and Marx), s the use 0/ production /actors, and above alllabour, determines the value 0/production. Labour is the valorisation /actor and its cost determines the value. On the contrary the Neoclassical School (Marginalistical) supports the idea that the sold production to give indirectly value to /actors 0/ production (land, labour and capitat)o In this context, two are the elements that create value: the scarcity 0/supply and demand; value there/ore becomes the market price if the goods considered have a market. The classical view /ails when one must evaluate goods supplied /reely by nature. The Neoclassical view /ails when it is called to evaluate goods or services that, even if they have a value, they don 't have a market or price (when it is short 0/the attribute 0/permutability), . Both these two methodological approaches are unsatis/actory. The value 0/goods and .,ervices is perhaps given by the cost 0/ /actors or the marketingprice, but,from a systemic point o/view, it has to take into account also other costs and bene/its: those that the collectivity indirectly sustains. These costs and bene/its are called by economists externalities (localized or pervasiveJ. This paper aims at clearing/rom a theoretical and methodological point 0/ view what /ollows: a) value determination concerning Landscape, Environmental, Artistic, Architectonic and Cultural Goods, eventually /inding a common denominator; b) the contribution that /actors 0/production, market, and policy makers could give in order to rationalize this complex matter; c) the quali- and quantitative Justification 0/public sustainment to /arms with particular re/erence to soil maintenance and conservation and to other actions 0/public interest on rural areas.