This monograph applies several modern approaches to ethnic studies, sociolinguistics, intercultural education, and transactional analysis and, consequently, introduces a new L1 and L2 teaching model TILKA – Teaching Interculturality through Language and Literature for Conflicts Avoidance. It includes an intercultural and interdisciplinary approach which integrates language and literature teaching through research and activity, as well as the principles and methods of transactional analysis, especially the power game in the drama triangle model. The TILKA model is engaged in helping teachers, education policy makers, and researchers to find ways to strengthen possibilities to peaceful interethnic and intercultural coexistence.