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Unravelling the interplay between hyperkalaemia, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone inhibitor use and clinical outcomes. Data from 9222 chronic heart failure patients of the ESC-HFA-EORP Heart Failure Long-Term Registry

Rossignol P.
•
Lainscak M.
•
Crespo-Leiro M. G.
altro
Gunes H.
2020
  • journal article

Periodico
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE
Abstract
Aims: We assessed the interplay between hyperkalaemia (HK) and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitor (RAASi) use, dose and discontinuation, and their association with all-cause or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). We hypothesized that HK-associated increased death may be related to RAASi withdrawal. Methods and results: The ESC-HFA-EORP Heart Failure Long-Term Registry was used. Among 9222 outpatients (HF with reduced ejection fraction: 60.6%, HF with mid-range ejection fraction: 22.9%, HF with preserved ejection fraction: 16.5%) from 31 countries, 16.6% had HK (≥5.0 mmol/L) at baseline. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) was used in 88.3%, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) in 58.7%, or a combination in 53.2%; of these, at ≥50% of target dose in ACEi: 61.8%; ARB: 64.7%; and MRA: 90.3%. At a median follow-up of 12.2 months, there were 789 deaths (8.6%). Both hypokalaemia and HK were independently. associated with higher mortality, and ACEi/ARB prescription at baseline with lower mortality. MRA prescription was not retained in the model. In multivariable analyses, HK at baseline was independently associated with MRA non-prescription at baseline and subsequent discontinuation. When considering subsequent discontinuation of RAASi (instead of baseline use), HK was no longer found associated with all-cause deaths. Importantly, all RAASi (ACEi, ARB, or MRA) discontinuations were strongly associated with mortality. Conclusions: In HF, hyper- and hypokalaemia were associated with mortality. However, when adjusting for RAASi discontinuation, HK was no longer associated with mortality, suggesting that HK may be a risk marker for RAASi discontinuation rather than a risk factor for worse outcomes.
DOI
10.1002/ejhf.1793
WOS
WOS:000523614300001
Archivio
http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2962750
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-85083052228
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ejhf.1793
Diritti
closed access
license:copyright editore
license:digital rights management non definito
license:digital rights management non definito
license:digital rights management non definito
FVG url
https://arts.units.it/request-item?handle=11368/2962750
Soggetti
  • Heart failure

  • Hyperkalaemia

  • Hypokalaemia

  • Mineralocorticoid rec...

  • Prognosi

  • Renin–angiotensin–ald...

Scopus© citazioni
41
Data di acquisizione
Jun 7, 2022
Vedi dettagli
Web of Science© citazioni
82
Data di acquisizione
Mar 27, 2024
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