IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS. I, REGULAR PAPERS
Abstract
This paper presents a modular and comprehensive
nonlinear time-domain behavioral model for phase-locked loops
(PLLs) that are suitable for analyzing the impact on the output
signal of the noise contribution and nonidealities of the constituent
building blocks. The model building blocks are described by
Simulink submodels and can be configured to implement different
PLL topologies. Postprocessing of the PLL output provides the
PLL phase noise and spur-to-carrier-ratio performances. The calculated
phase-noise spectra are compared with those obtained with
the well-known linear model and with measurements. To show the
flexibility of this approach, many case studies are reported; among
them, the analysis of the spurs due to charge pump mismatch
and the transient phase noise, and spurs performances of a PLL
featuring a dual control of the voltage-controlled oscillator.