Context. Abell 1995 is a puzzling galaxy cluster hosting a powerful radio halo, but it has not yet been recognized as a obvious cluster
merger, as usually expected for clusters with diffuse radio emission.
Aims. We aim at an exhaustive analysis of the internal structure of Abell 1995 to verify that this cluster is really dynamically relaxed,
as reported in previous studies.
Methods. We base our analysis on new and archival spectroscopic and photometric data for 126 galaxies in the field of Abell 1995.
The study of the hot intracluster medium was performed on X-ray archival data.
Results. Based on 87 fiducial cluster members, we have computed the average cluster redshift z = 0.322 and the global radial
velocity dispersion σV ∼ 1300 km s−1. We detect two main optical subclusters separated by 1.5 that cause the known NE-SW
elongation of the galaxy distribution and a significant velocity gradient in the same direction. As for the X-ray analysis, we confirm
that the intracluster medium is mildly elongated, but we also detect three X-ray peaks. Two X-ray peaks are offset with respect to
the two galaxy peaks and lie between them, thus suggesting a bimodal merger caught in a phase of post core-core passage. The third
X-ray peak lies between the NE galaxy peak and a third, minor galaxy peak suggesting a more complex merger. The difficulty of
separating the two main systems leads to a large uncertainty on the line-of-sight (LOS) velocity separation and the system mass:
ΔVrf,LOS = 600–2000 km s−1 and Msys = 2–5 × 1015 h−1
70 M, respectively. Simple analytical arguments suggest a merging scenario
for Abell 1995, where two main subsystems are seen just after the collision with an intermediate projection angle.
Conclusions. The high mass of Abell 1995 and the evidence of merging suggest it is not atypical among clusters with known radio
halos. Interestingly, our findings reinforce the previous evidence for the peculiar dichotomy between the dark matter and galaxy
distributions observed in this cluster.
