The authors reflect on the anti-democratic acts that took place in Brasilia in January 2023, after the inauguration of President Lula. Their analysis highlights on the one hand the need, in the short term, to repress such behavior using the current provisions of the Brazilian legal system, and on the other to invest, especially in the medium-long term, in education, school, education, civic training as a conditio sine qua non for the promotion of democracy.