The impact of emerging technologies on manufacturing has been widely discussed in academic and practical circles, and yet it is still difficult to discern anectodical examples from the general trends characterizing the "Industry 4.0" revolution. This chapter draws from the results of an international expert study to identify agreed-upon evolutionary trajectories and ongoing question marks in the current understanding of the phenomenon. Around these ongoing uncertainties, the analysis of a series of illustrative case studies presents a reasoned repertoire of possible variations around the key issues of mass customization and manufacturing servitization.
