Between 1919 and 1920 a heated debate on the Eastern borders question took place in Italian public opinion, which saw opposing theses clashing in newspapers, magazines and monographs dedicated to the theme of Eastern Adriatic lands. This paper aims to examine the publications of the time, analysing the different positions of Italian politicians, journalists and intellectuals on this issue, in connection with their respective political and ideal affiliations, from radical anti-Slav nationalism to more democratic oriented positions, open to a dialogue with the new Yugoslav State.