Differences in taste perception have been related to eating behavior, nutritional status, and diseases. Recently, taste receptors have been identified in several extra-oral tissues, such as the gastrointestinal tract, where they seem to influence processes like digestion, sense of satiety as well as energy balance and intraluminal changes occurring in obesity.
Our study aims to analyze differences in taste perception among 42 obese patients (OB) and 41 normal-weight subjects (LEAN). Polymorphisms in the gene codifying for the bitter taste receptor TAS2R38 and its expression on the surface of the gastric mucosa were tested and compared among OB and LEAN.
Taste intensity of PROP (6-n-propylthiouracil), quinine, sucrose, citric acid and NaCl were measured on a labeled magnitude scale. DNA from peripheral whole blood was extracted and three polymorphisms in the TAS2R38 gene (rs713598, rs1726866, rs10246939) analyzed. Gastric biopsies were collected during bariatric surgery in OB and during endoscopy in LEAN. RNA was extracted and TAS2R38 gene expression assessed by RTReal-Time qPCR. Anamnestic and anthropometric data were recorded in all participants during baseline visits.
Logistic regression analysis showed that OB perceives sweet (sucrose) and bitter (PROP or 6-n-propylthiouracil) taste more intensely than LEAN (p-value = 0.02 and p-value = 0.005, respectively). While polymorphisms in TAS2R38 gene did not differ among OB and LEAN, we observed a significant increase of TAS2R38 mRNA levels in the stomach of OB compared to LEAN (p = 0.01).
Our results provide new evidence of a link between obesity and altered taste perception as well as TAS2R38 expression in the stomach.
