In the present study attention in focused on Russian-Italian, Italian-Russian dictionary compiled by Vladimir Kovalev (3rd edition: Bologna, Zanichelli, 2007). The aim of the study is to examine both the macrostructure and the microstructure of the dictionary, and the point of view adopted is that of an Italian learner. In particular authors seek to determinate whether Vladimir Kovalev’s dictionary, which consists of two sections and allows translation to and from both languages, can be defined as “bidirectional” in the sense that it can be really useful not only for Italian but also for Russian learners.