Pharmacological therapy is the cornerstone of chronic heart failure treatment. However, an increasing number of devices for monitoring and treatment of patients with heart failure are being used and developed to complement existing therapies. Pulmonary and systemic congestion, left ventricular remodeling, neurohormonal activation, low cardiac contractility and impaired cardiac output are the main pathophysiological targets of these devices. The aim of this review is to summarize rationale, functioning, evidence and current indications regarding new devices for the management of patients with chronic heart failure.
