This article examines the controversial Monument to the Soviet Army in Sofia, Bulgaria, focusing on its role as a site of memory conflict and political manipulation. Since its erection in 1954, the monument has sparked polarized debates between those who see it as a symbol of Soviet oppression and those who commemorate it as marking Bulgaria’s liberation from fascism. The analysis situates the monument within the broader context of post-socialist Bulgaria, Russian hybrid warfare, and the manipulation of historical narratives to influence public opinion. The study offers insights into how this contested site reflects ongoing geopolitical tensions and the lasting impact of communist legacies in Eastern Europe.
