Epistaxis is a common condition in childhood. Anterior nosebleeds are most common, almost always self-limited and rarely life-threatening. Infective and allergic rhinitis, mucosal dryness, trauma, foreign body, rhinitis and digital manipulation can cause epistaxis, which can often be secondary to systemic diseases. A complete evaluation is necessary and a referral to or consultation with an otolaryngologist is indicated for patients with severe (posterior, haemodynamically unstable) or recurrent epistaxis or in case of epistaxis due to local abnormalities, such as tumours, polyps or telangiectasias).
