This paper aims at reconstructing Cornelius Castoriadis’ arguments for the pertinence of the concept of alienation and against its explicit or oblique rejection that made its appearance in the French philosophical scene during the 1960s, under the banner of anti-humanism. My claim is that these are important arguments that are still philosophically and politically relevant, even more so given the recent (re)turn to the concept of alienation, by philosophers and critical social theorists such as Rahel Jaeggi, Hartmut Rosa, Stéphane Haber and Miguel Abensour.
