Human brain astrocytomas range from the indolent low-grade to the highly infiltrating and aggressive high-grade form, also known as glioblastoma multiforme. The extensive heterogeneity of astrocytic tumors complicates their pathological classification. In this study, we compared the protein pattern of low-grade fibrillary astrocytomas to that of glioblastoma multiforme by 2D electrophoresis. The level of most proteins remains unchanged between the different grade tumors and only few differences are reproducibly observable. Fifteen differentially expressed proteins, as well as seventy conserved spots, were identified by mass spectrometry. Western and immnunohistochemical analysis confirmed the differential expression of the identified proteins. These data provide an initial reference map for brain gliomas. Among the proteins more highly expressed in glioblastoma multiforme, we found peroxire- doxin 1 and 6, the transcription factor BTF3, and R-B-crystallin, whereas protein disulfide iso
