This collection of articles is a collaborative effort to discuss the impact of nanotechnology-based innovation on biomedical products development, on public health infrastructure, and on healthcare service delivery. The goal of this special issue of Studies in Ethics, Law, and Technology is to assess the effects of these transformations on the equity of access to healthcare, on the potential and actual disparities, especially at the international level, as well as to examine the possible strategies to make nanotechnology help attain the highest standard of health for all.