Catheters are used for effective drainage of the bladder, either temporally or permanently,
in the presence of physiological and anatomical defects or obstruction of the lower urinary
tract. Catheters are used for a variety of reasons, as follows, to maintain bladder drainage
during and following surgery or epidurals anesthesia for minimizing and prevention of the
risk of distension injuries; investigations, for accurate urine output measurement, and
measurement of post-micturition residuals; treatments, to relieve urinary retention or for
chemotherapy instillation; intractable incontinence, as the final option for containment.
