Building upon the recent works of Bertola; Fasondini, Olver and Xu, we define a class of orthogonal polynomials on elliptic curves and establish a corresponding Riemann-Hilbert framework. We then focus on the special case, defined by a constant weight function, and use the Riemann-Hilbert problem to derive recurrence relations and differential equations for the orthogonal polynomials. We further show that the sub-class of even polynomials is associated to the elliptic form of Painleve VI, with the tau function given by the Hankel determinant of even moments, up to a scaling factor. The first iteration of these even polynomials relates to the special case of Painleve VI studied by Hitchin in relation to self-dual Einstein metrics.
