The introduction of the container revolutionised maritime trade and shipping. Since 1956 container
vessels have evolved from converted tankers and cargo ships, via full cellular container ships that could
navigate the Panama Canal, to post-Panamax vessels with a capacity of approx. 8500 TEU (Twenty foot
Equivalent Unit). Even bigger container ships (9600 TEU) are to be delivered soon. However, current
technical and physical constraints such as propulsion and port limitations pose restrictions to further
growth. Moreover, the diminishing economies of scale in ship costs are offset by the increase of other
costs involved (e.g. port fees, terminal handling charges). Nevertheless, empirical research shows that the
concept of mega container vessels is appealing and that, if available, most shipping lines will deploy such
ships. So, the next generation container ships will probably consist of Suez-max vessels (up to 12,500
TEU) with twin propulsion systems. Albeit feasible from a technical point of view the ultimate 18,000
TEU container ship i.e. Mallaca-max has too many limitations to become popular.
